北京最早见于文献的名称叫做蓟。公元前十一世纪时，蓟国是统治中国北方的西周王朝的一个分封国。春秋（公元前770年-前476年）中期，位于蓟国西南面的另一个封国燕，吞没了蓟，并迂都于蓟城。从这时起，直到公元前226年燕国被强大的秦国所灭，蓟城一直是燕的都城。据考古学家考证，当年的蓟城就在现北京城区的西南部。
　　
Beijing was first named ji in literature. In the 11th century BC, ji was a nation hived from the Dynasty of West Zhou governing the north of China. In the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period(770-476 BC),Yan, another hived-off nation on the southwest of ji, merged it and moved the capital there. Since then, ji had been the capital of Yan until Yan was extinguished by the great Qin in 226 BC. Archaeologists have proved that ji of that time is the southwest of the city zone of current Beijing.

公元938年，蓟城成为辽的部都。辽是崛起于中国东北方的少数民族契丹人建立的。因为蓟位于它所辖的疆域的南部，所以改称南京，又叫燕京。一个多世纪以后，另一个少数民族女真人建立的金朝将辽灭亡，并于1153年迁都燕京，改名中都。1214年，金朝受到新兴的蒙古族军队的进攻，被迫迁都汴京（今河南开封），次年蒙古铁骑入占中都。1267年，蒙古族首领忽必烈下令在中都城的东北郊修建新城。四年后，忽必烈在兴建中的北京登上皇帝的宝座，建立了中国历史上的元朝。
　　
The year 938 AC, Ji became the second capital of Liao. Liao was set up by the Pidan minority from the northeast of China. Since Ji was in the south of its domain, Ji was renamed Nanjing, and then Yanjing. More than 1 century later, another minority, Nvzhen, extinguished Liao, set up Jin, and moved the capital to Yanjing in 1153. it was renamed Zhongdu. In 1214,Jin was forced by the Mongolia army to leave for Bianjing(now).

1911年10月10日，中国爆发了资产阶级民主主义革命，次年二月清帝被迫宣告退位。至此，中国最后一个封建王朝灭亡，北京作为帝都的历史到此结束。1949年10月1日，中华人民共和国成立，北京成为新生的共和国的首都，古城的历史揭开了新的一页。
　　On Oct 10th, 1911,the demographic Bourgeois Revolution broke out in China. The emperor of the Qing Dynasty was forced to claim abdication in the February of next year. Until then, the last feudal dynasty was extinguished. The history of Beijing as empery capital finished. On Oct. lst, 1949,the People's Republic of China was established, and Beijing became the capital of the new Republic. A new page of the history of the ancient city has been unfolded.

Kaifeng in Henan Province).And the Mongol occupied Zhongdu. In 1267,the Mongolian chief Kublai gave an order to build a new city in the northeast suburban of Zhongdu. 4 years later,Kublai ascended to the position of emperor in Beijing abuilding.

　　1258年新城全部建成，这便是意大利旅行家马可•波罗在游记中称之为“世界莫能与比”的元大都。从此，北京取代了长安、洛阳、汴梁等古都的地位，成为中国的政治中心，并延续到明、清两代。北京这座千古名城是中国古代科学技术和文化艺术高度发展的杰作。历朝历代帝王在这凝聚中华文明精髓的龙脉宝地君临天下威仪四海，陆续修建了雄伟壮观的八达岭长城与集天下园林之大成被选誉为万园之园的圆明园和集全国的能工巧匠而修建的故宫以及保留最完整的古代祭天建筑群，举世闻名的艺术珍品--天坛。北京这座历史文化名城是中国皇家园林与宫殿建筑的代表和典范，是凝聚中华文明精髓的世界文化遗产。
　　The new city, which was finished in 1258,is the unparalleled Yuan Capital in the itinerary by Italian traveler Marco Polo. Since then, Beijing replaced Chang'an, Luoyang,Bianliang and other old capitals and become the political center of China to the Ming and Qing Dynasty. Beijing, the famous city of a long history, is a masterpiece of the development of science, technology, culture and art of ancient China. Emperors of all dynasties conduct their rein in this precious royal place which agglomerates all Chinese civilization, and in succession they built those famous constructions such as the grand BaDaLing Great Wall,the Winter Palace, whichagglomerates the merits all the gardens all over the country and is credited with the honor of "the garden of all gardens", the Summer Palace which was constructed by all the skillful craftsmen all over the country, the best preserved ancient flocks of the sacred buildings and the world famous art tidbit the Temple of Heaven. In a word, Beijing,the famous ancient capital of thousands of years and historical and cultural city,is the zenith and apotheosis of the Chinese royal gardens and palace constructions,and it is also the world's sultural heritage of China which agglomerates the soul of Chinese civilization.


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